The study of genetics in relation to humans

The cas9 protein has gained major attraction in the recent years simply because it can cleave nearly any sequence complementary to the guide RNA.It is majorly associated with the CRISPR which is an adaptive immunity system among other bacteria. The interaction of Cas9 protein with target DNA is always very tight that the high morality urea protein denaturant cannot usually fully dissociate the cas9 RNA-protein complex from DNA target. The ability of the PNA Monomer not to degrade by either nucleases or proteases has made the scientist to investigate.

The CRISP cas9 has over the years expanded the major toolbox for mammalian genetics which has enabled the rapid generation of isogenic cell lines and mice modified alleles. Through the recent advances in genome engineering technologies mainly associated with the CRISP cas9 have empowered researchers to be able to elucidate the major functional organization of the genome at the systems level and establish causal linkages between genetic variations.

Crispr /cas9 protocol majorly describes how to transect cultured cells with the unique CRISPR machinery using some conventional lipofection reagents. The use of the CRISPR/cas9/ pna system for genome editing has been a major breakthrough making the modification in cells or organism fast, robust and much more efficient that the previous genome editing methods. The Cas9 always cleaves the target DNA hence making it available for repair by the non-homologous end joining.

PNA monomer is some olingonucleotide analogues in which the standard sugar phosphate which is the backbone for DNA is substituted by a pseudo peptide backbone. It was invented by a group of scientist the famous university of Copenhagen. They are a hybrid of a strongly and sequence specifically complementary DNA OR RNA. The beauty of PNA monomer is that it is not degraded by nucleases or proteases.

These amazing properties have practically made the PNA monomer a subject of ever ending scientific interest and the synthetic PNA Oligomers have numerous identified and proposed applications. The group of Bhoc normally provides sufficient protection during synthesis and is readily removed under the cleavage conditions and often renders solubility to the monomers.